Movement
E-Mail
Comments to: opencyc-doc@cyc.com
Last
Update: 4/5/02
Copyright© 1996-2002. All rights reserved. See Terms of Usage.
Return to Documentation Contents
Return to Vocabulary Contents
Top-Level Movement Collections
#$MovementEvent moves
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A specialization of #$GeneralizedTransfer.
Each instance of #$MovementEvent
is an event in which at least one object translates some
distance, or in which at least one object moves from one
rotational orientation to another rotational orientation.
Each instance of #$MovementEvent
is thus a rotation or translation of some object (an
instance of #$SomethingExisting),
where the movement occurs relative to a frame of reference
which is not part of the rotating or translating object.
Notable specializations of #$MovementEvent
include #$Translocation,
#$Rotation-NonPeriodic,
and #$Movement-Periodic.
guid: bd590401-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$MovementOrShapeChangeEvent #$GeneralizedTransfer
direct generalization of:
#$Translocation
#$Movement-NonPeriodic
#$Movement-Periodic
#$MovementProcess
#$Motion-SolidAgainstSolid #$Movement-Rotation
#$ChemicalInteraction #$DisappearingFromSight
#$MovementProcess movements
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
#$MovementProcess
is a subcollection of #$MovementEvent.
Its instances are those #$MovementEvents
which can be considered as continuous motions. That is, (1)
motion happens without interruption throughout a #$MovementProcess,
and thus (2) every time-slice of a #$MovementProcess
is also a #$MovementProcess.
guid: bd5890cd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalStuffType
direct specialization of:
#$MovementEvent
direct generalization of:
#$Movement-TranslationProcess
#$Movement-Rotation rotations
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
#$Movement-Rotation
is a subcollection of #$MovementEvent.
Instances of #$Movement-Rotation
are those moving events in which the #$primaryObjectMoving
is an #$objectRotating, i.e., it rotates about an axis that
spatially intersects it (or that goes through a hole in it).
For example, the daily rotation of the #$PlanetEarth on its
axis, or the rotation of a clock hand about its fastened
end. A negative example is the orbiting of #$PlanetEarth
around the #$Sun - the axis does not spatially intersect the object.
guid: bd58cb0a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$MovementEvent
direct generalization of:
#$Rotation-Periodic
#$Rotation-NonPeriodic
#$Movement-TranslationEvent movements
from one place to another
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A specialization of #$Translocation.
Each instance of #$Movement-TranslationEvent
is an event in which an object (an instance of #$SomethingExisting)
moves some distance (so that at some point in the event, the
object's center of mass changes location with respect to the
relevant frame of reference). The moving object need not
move completely out of its original spatial extent; for
example, a building moving one foot to the left undergoes a
#$Movement-TranslationEvent.
Instances of #$Movement-TranslationEvent
include events in which the movement ends in the same place
it started from (e.g., one lap of a race car around the
Indianapolis race track, or a trip to the grocery store and
back). In such cases (all of which are instances of the
specialization #$Translation-NoLocationChange),
the to and from locations of the movement (see the
predicates #$toLocation and #$fromLocation)
are identical. In other cases of #$Movement-TranslationEvent
(e.g., the movement of the baseball during a home run hit by
Roger Maris), the to and from locations are different; in
these cases, the movement events are also instances of #$Translation-LocationChange (q.v.).
guid: bd588e70-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$Translocation
direct generalization of:
#$Movement-TranslationProcess
#$Translation-NonPeriodic
#$TranslationAlongASurface #$Translation-NoLocationChange
#$Translation-Periodic
#$Translation-MultiTrajectory
#$Translation-SingleTrajectory
#$Translation-LocationChange
#$CausingAnotherObjectsTranslationalMotion
#$Translation-Complete
#$Translation-Flow
#$Movement-Periodic periodic movements
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A specialization of #$MovementEvent.
Each instance of #$Movement-Periodic
is a movement event in which the moving object (see the
predicate #$objectMoving)
returns repeatedly to a certain location or orientation at
more or less regular time intervals. Examples of #$Movement-Periodic
include the motion of a seesaw one afternoon, the dribbling
of a basketball in place by Magic Johnson, and the motion of
a slinky going down a staircase as it periodically changes
its orientation through a fixed, repetive series of orientations.
guid: bd658729-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalStuffType
direct specialization of:
#$MovementEvent
direct generalization of:
#$Rotation-Periodic
#$Translation-Periodic
#$Movement-NonPeriodic non-periodic movements
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A specialization of #$MovementEvent.
Each instance of #$Movement-NonPeriodic
is a movement event in which the moving object (see the
predicate #$objectMoving)
does not return to a previous location or orientation, or
returns to a previous location or orientation only in a
chaotic manner. An example of a #$Movement-NonPeriodic
would be the motion of a basketball being dribbled by a
basketball player as she runs downcourt. For contrast, see
#$Movement-Periodic.
guid: bd5dac56-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$MovementEvent
direct generalization of:
#$Translation-NonPeriodic
#$Rotation-NonPeriodic
Key Movement Collections From The Secondary Level
#$Movement-TranslationEvent movements
from one place to another
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A specialization of #$Translocation.
Each instance of #$Movement-TranslationEvent
is an event in which an object (an instance of #$SomethingExisting)
moves some distance (so that at some point in the event, the
object's center of mass changes location with respect to the
relevant frame of reference). The moving object need not
move completely out of its original spatial extent; for
example, a building moving one foot to the left undergoes a
#$Movement-TranslationEvent.
Instances of #$Movement-TranslationEvent
include events in which the movement ends in the same place
it started from (e.g., one lap of a race car around the
Indianapolis race track, or a trip to the grocery store and
back). In such cases (all of which are instances of the
specialization #$Translation-NoLocationChange),
the to and from locations of the movement (see the
predicates #$toLocation and #$fromLocation)
are identical. In other cases of #$Movement-TranslationEvent
(e.g., the movement of the baseball during a home run hit by
Roger Maris), the to and from locations are different; in
these cases, the movement events are also instances of #$Translation-LocationChange (q.v.).
guid: bd588e70-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$Translocation
direct generalization of:
#$Movement-TranslationProcess
#$Translation-NonPeriodic
#$TranslationAlongASurface #$Translation-NoLocationChange
#$Translation-Periodic
#$Translation-MultiTrajectory
#$Translation-SingleTrajectory
#$Translation-LocationChange
#$CausingAnotherObjectsTranslationalMotion
#$Translation-Complete
#$Translation-Flow
#$Movement-TranslationProcess movement processes
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
#$Movement-TranslationProcess
is the subcollection of #$Movement-TranslationEvents
whose insatnces can be pragmatically considered to be
continuous processes. In any instance of #$Movement-TranslationProcess,
all time-slices of that process are also themselves
instances of #$Movement-TranslationProcess.
Note that walking is a type of #$Movement-TranslationProcess,
even though it involves some nonzero accelerations and
jerks. A non-example would be a plot of the various
residences you've lived in (``moved to'') over the course of
your lifetime; another non-example would be Captain Kirk
beaming up to the Enterprise; another would be the
``tunneling'' of an electron in a tunnel diode.
guid: bd588e2f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalStuffType
direct specialization of:
#$MovementProcess #$Movement-TranslationEvent
direct generalization of:
#$LocomotionProcess-Animal
#$Translation-SingleTrajectory translation
(movement from one place to another)
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A subcollection of #$Movement-TranslationEvent.
Each instance of #$Translation-SingleTrajectory
is a translational movement which involves exactly one #$trajectory-Complete.
One or more items may have the role of #$objectMoving in
such an event. Note that although there is a single #$trajectory-Complete,
it does not follow that there is a unique #$fromLocation
and a unique #$toLocation
because that depends on our descriptions of locations. (A
single-trajectory movement can be described as from TX to
PA, or from Austin to Pittsburgh, or even from northwest
Austin to south Pittsburgh.) However, the single #$trajectory-Complete
connects one #$fromLocation
and one #$toLocation.
(Similarly, there may be a single existing #$motionPathway-Complete
that the trajectory goes along, or a single #$Traversal
of paths indicated by #$traverses-Complete.)
Note that a translational motion performed by a whole #$Group is likely to be
a #$Translation-SingleTrajectory;
e.g. a flock of birds flying together or a snarl of
rush-hour traffic on the Beltway. Non-examples include an
opening break in a game of billiards and a group of water
droplets coming together into one big drop (cf. #$Translation-MultiTrajectory).
guid: bd5b0dc8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalStuffType
direct specialization of:
#$Movement-TranslationEvent
direct generalization of:
#$PassingThroughPortal
#$ProjectileMotion #$Conveying-Generic #$LocomotionEvent
#$Translation-MultiTrajectory multi-path translation
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A specialization of #$Movement-TranslationEvent.
In any instance of #$Translation-MultiTrajectory,
motion may occur simultaneously along two or more instances
of #$Trajectory
(which are not related by sub-trajectory relationships.)
Therefore, there must be at least two #$objectMovings
in such an event. There may be more than one #$fromLocation
and/or more than one #$toLocation.
Instances of #$Translation-MultiTrajectory
include scattering, distributing, and collecting things.
E.g., all of the following exhibit multi-trajectory
translation movements: a rainshower or snowfall; an
exploding firework; water being ejected from a sprinkling
system; the surrounding objects being sucked up by a
tornado; participants running a 100K footrace; pool balls
during the opening break. For non-examples of this, see #$Translation-SingleTrajectory.
guid: bd5ef8af-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$Movement-TranslationEvent
#$Translation-Periodic periodic translation
A specialization of both #$Movement-TranslationEvent
and #$Movement-Periodic.
Each instance of #$Translation-Periodic
is a translational movement in which the moving object
returns to a certain location repeatedly, and at more or
less regular time intervals. Instances of #$Translation-Periodic
include a ball bouncing in place and a planet revolving
around a star. Note that a planet rotating on its axis or a
top spinning in place would not count as an instance of #$Translation-Periodic,
since these movements, although periodic, are rotations
rather than translations.
guid: bd5e1d42-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$Movement-TranslationEvent #$Movement-Periodic
#$Translation-NonPeriodic non-periodic translation
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
The collection of all non-periodic translational
movement events, i.e., the intersection of #$Movement-NonPeriodic
and #$Movement-TranslationEvent.
In each instance of #$Translation-NonPeriodic,
the #$objectMoving is
in translational motion and does not move back the same
position on the regular temporal basis (it can visit the
same location multiple times, just not regularly).
guid: bfbfe759-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$Movement-TranslationEvent #$Movement-NonPeriodic
#$Translation-Complete complete translation
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of translational motion events; hence
a subcollection of #$Movement-TranslationEvent.
In each instance of #$Translation-Complete,
the entire moving object (see #$objectMoving)
moves from the place of origin (see #$fromLocation)
to the destination (see #$toLocation). That
is, the object completely leaves the origin and relocates to
the destination. The moving object may be either a
#$NonFluidlike object (e.g. a baseball) or a #$FluidTangibleThing
all of which moves from one place to another (e.g. the
gasoline used to fill a gas tank). Another example: a single
molecule of water flowing from point A to point B in a
river. Non-examples: a river flowing from A to B (the river
itself is not relocated); a rubber band stretching. A
borderline case: a spider spins a web, leaving part of
itself, in effect, extended out behind it; in most contexts
that would still be considered a #$Translation-Complete.
Note that #$Translation-Complete
is noncommittal as to whether net movement has occurred, so
round-trip events qualify as complete translations (cf. #$Translation-LocationChange).
guid: bd61f7aa-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$Movement-TranslationEvent
direct generalization of:
#$PassingThroughPortal
#$PuttingSomethingSomewhere #$RemovingSomethingByMovingIt
#$ProjectileMotion #$FluidFlow-Complete #$TransportationEvent
#$LocomotionEvent
#$Translation-Flow fluxes
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A specialization of both #$FluidFlowEvent and #$Movement-TranslationEvent.
In each instance of #$Translation-Flow,
the moving object (see the predicate #$objectMoving)
is an instance of #$FluidTangibleThing
(i.e., a portion of some fluid, such as a quart of milk)
rather than a discrete solid object. At least some of the
moving object leaves its original position (see the
predicate #$fromLocation)
and some arrives at the destination (see the predicate #$toLocation), but
it is not necessary that all of the moving object go from
the origin to the destination. Instances of #$Translation-Flow
include rivers flowing or winds blowing or air filling one's
lungs when one takes a breath. Other instances of #$Translation-Flow
include flows of ``fluids'' such as sand, drifting snow,
etc., which are composed of multiple solid particles.
guid: bd590484-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalStuffType
direct specialization of:
#$Movement-TranslationEvent #$FluidFlowEvent
direct generalization of: #$FluidFlow-Complete #$WindProcess
#$Translation-LocationChange changes
of location
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of translational motion events; thus a
subcollection of #$Movement-TranslationEvent.
In each instance of #$Translation-LocationChange,
the moving object (see #$objectMoving)
ends up in a different place than it started from: the
destination (see #$toLocation) is
not the same as the origin (see #$fromLocation).
Thus, a round-trip travel event (see #$Translation-RoundTrip)
is _not_ an instance of this collection. Cf. #$Translation-NoLocationChange.
guid: bd5f8117-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalStuffType
direct specialization of:
#$Movement-TranslationEvent
direct generalization of: #$LeavingAPlace #$PassingThroughPortal
#$DescendingEvent #$ProjectileMotion #$EmittingAnObject
#$GoingSomewhere
#$Translation-NoLocationChange translations
without location change
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of translational motion events; hence
a subcollection of #$Movement-TranslationEvent.
In any instance of #$Translation-NoLocationChange,
the #$objectMoving
undergoes translational motion but ends up where it started
--- i.e., there is no NET movement; i.e., its #$fromLocation
and #$toLocation
are the same. Between the beginning and the end of a #$Translation-NoLocationChange,
the #$objectMoving
may visit the #$toLocation and
the #$fromLocation
any number of times. E.g., consider the motion of a person
who is born in, and 80 years later dies in, the very same
hospital, and has been there a few times in between for
operations, visiting patients, etc. A less dramatic example
is the motion of your car on a particular day, as it gets
moved around, crosses its own path a few times, etc., but
ends the day in the same place it started. Instances of #$Translation-NoLocationChange
may be periodic or nonperiodic movements. An important
subcollection of #$Translation-NoLocationChange
is #$Translation-RoundTrip.
guid: bd5e4464-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$Movement-TranslationEvent
direct generalization of:
#$Translation-RoundTrip
#$Path-Generic generic paths
A collection of things that are paths or can be
considered paths. Each #$Path-Generic
is either a a non-self-crossing path (see #$Path-Simple)
or a cycle (see #$Path-Cyclic).
A #$Path-Generic
may be spatio-temporally abstract (e.g. links in Graph
Theory; see #$Multigraph),
spatially-located but intangible (e.g. a #$LatitudeLine
might be used as a path in some system; see #$Path-Spatial
and its specializations), or fully concrete (such as a road,
railroad, sea-lane, cowpath, pipe, blood vessel, fiber, or
wire; see #$Path-Customary
and #$PathArtifact).
#$Path-Generic
includes anything that is used as a path in some #$PathSystem
(q.v.). If a #$Path-Generic
is a #$Path-Customary,
then it might or might not have a specified #$PathSystem
in which it is a path; if the #$Path-Generic
is not a #$Path-Customary,
then it can only be a path in some given #$PathSystem.
For example, an orange is not a customary path, but it can
be a path for ants in a specified ant path system. For any
#$Path-Generic,
there can be a #$Traversal
(q.v.) of something moving along the entirety of that path
(and a single #$Traversal
can cross itself, double back along itself, or go back and
forth along some part of a #$Path-Generic
any number of times.) Note that #$Path-Generic
is _not_ a subcollection of #$Individual,
because there is nothing in principle to prevent a
mathematical set or a collection from being used as a path
in some path system. For similar reasons, few if any
(non-empty) collections or sets can definitively be
considered disjoint with #$Path-Generic.
guid: c110820b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$ObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$Individual
direct generalization of:
#$Path-Spatial
#$Path-Cyclic
#$SimpleSegmentOfPath #$Path-Simple
Some Important Subsets Of #$Movement-Rotation
#$Movement-Rotation rotations
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
#$Movement-Rotation
is a subcollection of #$MovementEvent.
Instances of #$Movement-Rotation
are those moving events in which the #$primaryObjectMoving
is an #$objectRotating, i.e., it rotates about an axis that
spatially intersects it (or that goes through a hole in it).
For example, the daily rotation of the #$PlanetEarth on its
axis, or the rotation of a clock hand about its fastened
end. A negative example is the orbiting of #$PlanetEarth
around the #$Sun - the axis does not spatially intersect the object.
guid: bd58cb0a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$MovementEvent
direct generalization of:
#$Rotation-Periodic
#$Rotation-NonPeriodic
#$Rotation-Periodic periodic rotations
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of rotational movements; a
subcollection of #$Movement-Rotation.
In any instance of #$Rotation-Periodic,
either partial rotation (e.g., rocking) or full rotation
(e.g., spinning) occurs periodically. Examples include the
swinging of a clock pendulum and the rotation of the Earth
on its axis. Note that the accuracy and duration of the
periodic rotation is context-dependent. E.g., in a context
spanning a long enough period of time, and/or if measured
sufficiently accurately, the Earth's rotation does not have
a fixed period. In a context short enough, and `approximate'
enough, a spinning Olympic ice skater is performing a #$Rotation-Periodic
event, even though a few seconds later they slow down and
stop rotating.
guid: bf9bb920-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$Movement-Rotation #$Movement-Periodic
#$Rotation-NonPeriodic rotation
non periodic
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
The set of all rotational movements in which
rotation occurs in a nonperiodic fashion; e.g., the turning
of a knob on a kitchen appliance or a radio dial, or
movements of a trackball. See also #$Rotation-Periodic
for the context-sensitive nature of this dichotomy.
guid: c0962af5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$Movement-Rotation #$Movement-NonPeriodic
Some Important Movement
#$PassingThroughPortal passing
through a portal
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of movement events. In an instance of
#$PassingThroughPortal,
an object goes from one spatial region to another by passing
through a #$Portal between
the regions. Examples: a portion of food passing from the
stomach to the small intestine; a person walking through a
door from the outdoors into a house.
guid: bd58c298-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalObjectType
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
direct specialization of:
#$Translation-Complete #$Translation-SingleTrajectory #$Translation-LocationChange
direct generalization of:
#$Ingesting #$Inhaling #$Exhaling
#$StandingStill stood
(biological event)
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of events. An instance of #$StandingStill
is an event in which the `doer' supports its own weight by
standing on at least one leg. Also, they must be standing in
place, rather than running, running in place, etc. They must
also be balancing themselves, although they might be holding
onto something to facilitate that. A borderline case of
this: an astronaut in zero-gravity who appears to be
standing still. The trouble with allowing that is that it
will violate many of the axioms about #$StandingStill
-- the trouble with excluding it, though, is that one would
have to duplicately state all the other axioms about #$StandingStill.
Note: in a case like that, it might be best to divide this
concept into two, to introduce a new term such as
HoldingStill, and to distinguish the case of HoldingStill
(in whatever posture, gravity, etc.) from Standing
(supporting one's weight, balancing, etc.).
guid: bd589915-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$HumanCapabilityType
#$ControllableAutonomousActionType #$TemporalStuffType
direct specialization of:
#$AnimalActivity
#$Rubbing rubbing
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of events. An instance of #$Rubbing is an
event in which the #$objectActedOn
is rubbed.
guid: bd589b80-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$FirstOrderCollection
direct specialization of:
#$VoluntaryBodyMovement #$Sliding-Generic #$ApplyingAForce
direct generalization of:
#$AbradingSomething
#$PolishingSomething
#$PhysicalContactEvent physical
contact event
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of physical events in which two or
more objects are in physical contact (see #$touches) for at
least part of the event's duration. Note that, although most
#$PhysicalEvents
involve some kind of touching, only those for which contact
is salient should be instances of #$PhysicalContactEvent.
For events involving continuous contact and events in which
contact is made, respectively, see the specializations
#$ContinuousPhysicalContactEvent and #$PhysicalContactMakingEvent.
guid: bd58e742-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalStuffType
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
direct specialization of:
#$PhysicalEvent #$PhysicalContactSituation
direct generalization of:
#$ContinuousPhysicalContactEvent
#$Motion-SolidAgainstSolid
#$RemovingSomething removals
A specialization of #$PurposefulAction.
Each instance of #$RemovingSomething
is an event in which an agent deliberately removes one
object from another object. The removed object is related to
the instance of #$RemovingSomething
via the predicate #$objectRemoved, while the object to which
it belonged prior to its removal is related via the
predicate #$objectRemaining. In different types of removals,
either the #$objectRemoved or the #$objectRemaining may be
destroyed, or both may survive. Specializations of #$RemovingSomething
include #$Ablation,
#$RemovingSomethingByMovingIt, and #$CuttingOffAPiece.
guid: bd588d0d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$PurposefulPhysicalAction #$ActionOnObject #$Separation-Complete
direct generalization of:
#$ShavingSomething
#$Ablation
#$RemovingSomethingByMovingIt #$Cleaning
#$ReceivingAnObject receiving
an object
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of events, #$ReceivingAnObject
is a subcollection of the collection #$Receiving. An
instance of #$ReceivingAnObject
is an event in which there is some #$PartiallyTangible
which is the #$objectMoving,
i.e., the thing which `comes in' to the receiver (the #$toLocation). For
example, the #$objectMoving on
an occasion when Lynn Swann received a pass from Terry
Bradshaw during a Steelers' game would be a football (i.e.,
some instance of #$Football-American) and the
passing/receiving event itself would be an instance of #$ReceivingAnObject.
guid: bf0c9ca6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$Receiving
#$objectEmitted thing
emitted (actor slot)
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
This predicate is used in connection with
particular instances of #$EmittingAnObject,
to identify the object which `comes out' during the event.
(#$objectEmitted
EMIT OBJ) means that OBJ is emitted from the #$emitter during the
emission event EMIT. The #$objectEmitted
is also an #$objectMoving in
EMIT. For example, in a particular human #$BirthEvent,
some particular #$HumanInfant is
an #$objectEmitted.
guid: bd58bec1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$ActorSlot
direct specialization of: #$primaryObjectMoving
#$EmittingAnObject emissions
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A specialization of #$Emission. Each
instance of #$EmittingAnObject
is an emission event in which some partially tangible object
(related to the emission event via #$objectEmitted)
is emitted from something else (the emitter, related to the
emission event via #$emitter). The emitted
object goes from a place inside of the emitter to some place
that is not within the emitter, and the emitter plays an
active role in the emission. Notable specializations of #$EmittingAnObject
include #$Bleeding, #$PrecipitationProcess,
and #$SecretionEvent.
guid: bd58e6c8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
#$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$Emission #$Translation-LocationChange
direct generalization of:
#$BirthEvent
#$SecretionEvent
#$Exhaling
#$destination-RoundTrip destination
- round trip
(#$destination-RoundTrip
TRIP PLACE) means that the #$PartiallyTangible
PLACE is the destination of the outbound leg (see the
predicate #$outboundLegOfRoundTrip) of the #$Translation-RoundTrip
TRIP, and that PLACE is the starting point of the inbound
leg (see the predicate #$inboundLegOfRoundTrip) of TRIP.
guid: c10aee64-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$ActorSlot
direct specialization of:
#$nonDeliberateActors
#$Translation-RoundTrip round trips
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A specialization of #$Translation-NoLocationChange.
Each instance of #$Translation-RoundTrip
represents one round trip event. That is, an instance of #$Translation-RoundTrip
is a complete translational movement that begins and ends in
the same place (thus, the #$fromLocation
and #$toLocation
of the round trip are identical). However, a round trip is
usually a discontinuous motion (cf. #$Movement-TranslationProcess).
In the simplest case, it has exactly one
#$outboundLegOfRoundTrip and exactly one
#$inboundLegOfRoundTrip (qq.v.), and the trip breaks at the
#$destination-RoundTrip,
which is the place that the traveller visits in between the
two legs of the journey. Thus, in addition to a #$fromLocation
and #$toLocation, an
instance of #$Translation-RoundTrip
also has an #$origin-RoundTrip
and #$destination-RoundTrip.
The #$origin-RoundTrip
is just the same as the #$fromLocation
and #$toLocation. Note:
to describe a multi-stop `round trip', instead of using #$Translation-RoundTrip
one can represent it as a circuit composed of a series of
one-way legs.
guid: c10aee07-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$Translation-NoLocationChange
direct generalization of:
#$AnimalMigration
#$target target (actor slot)
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
This predicate relates any sort of transfer event
to the place where the thing being transferred is intended,
by the agent who performs or directs the transfer, to end
up. More precisely, (#$target TRANSFER
TARGET) means that an agent playing either the #$performedBy or
#$directingAgent
role in the #$GeneralizedTransfer
TRANSFER intends that some tangible thing playing the #$transferredThing
role in TRANSFER be at TARGET upon the completion of
TRANSFER. Obviously, this does not entail that the
transferred thing actually end up at TARGET. For example, if
I throw a dart the target is likely to be a dartboard (or,
if I'm really good, the bullseye), and when I drive my car
immediately after work the target is likely to be my house.
guid: c10afaed-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$ActorSlot
direct specialization of:
#$preActors
#$DirectedTranslation directed movements
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A specialization of #$Movement-TranslationEvent.
Each instance of #$DirectedTranslation
is a movement event that is #$performedBy an
#$Agent that
intends for the #$objectMoving to
reach a particular #$target. Examples:
William Tell shooting the apple off his son's head, John
Wilkes Booth shooting Abraham Lincoln, the last time you
tossed a frisbee to someone, a pilot landing an airplane,
and a skiier skiing one run of the downhill course.
guid: bdb6c421-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalStuffType
direct specialization of:
#$CausingAnotherObjectsTranslationalMotion #$ControllingSomething
direct generalization of:
#$GuidingAMovingObject
#$ConveyingMaterials #$SendingSomething
#$CausingAnotherObjectsTranslationalMotion events
of causing another object's translational motion
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of events. In each instance of #$CausingAnotherObjectsTranslationalMotion,
one object causes another object to undergo a translational
motion. The object causing the motion is the #$providerOfMotiveForce.
The object which is caused to move is the #$objectActedOn
(and also the #$objectMoving)
in the event. One way to cause another object's motion is to
carry it along with oneself (see the specialization
#$CarryingWhileLocomoting); other ways include throwing it,
kicking it, or knocking it away. Some instances of #$CausingAnotherObjectsTranslationalMotion
may also be instances of #$Translation-Complete
(such as instances of #$CarryingWhileLocomoting) whereas
others (such as instances of #$PumpingFluid) may be
instances of #$Translation-Flow.
Examples include a train transporting passengers, a person
pushing a coin into a vending machine, the release of a
bowstring which propels an arrow, and a magnet attracting a nail.
guid: bd58d844-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$ActionOnObject #$Movement-TranslationEvent
direct generalization of:
#$DirectedTranslation
#$RemovingSomethingByMovingIt #$Conveying-Generic #$PuttingOnAClothingItem
#$distanceOfRotation distance
of rotation
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
This predicate indicates, for a particular
rotational motion event, the total absolute value of the
angular distance travelled by the #$objectMoving in
that event. (#$distanceOfRotation
ROT DIST) means that in the event ROT, the #$objectMoving
travelled the angular distance DIST. Note that this is not
the same as the net angular displacement of the #$objectMoving,
but rather the entire angular distance travelled. So if you
unscrew a jar lid 1/6 of a turn, and later screw it back on,
the #$distanceOfRotation
is 120 degrees, not zero; and if you spin around ten times,
your #$distanceOfRotation
is 3600 degrees, not zero. Angular distance is measured in
degrees, radians, etc.
guid: bf2978c4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$BinaryRolePredicate
#$fromOrientation from orientation
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
This predicate indicates, for the particular
rotational motion ROT, the orientation that the #$objectMoving in
that event has at the beginning of that motion. (#$fromOrientation
ROT ORIENT) means that when ROT begins, the object that
moves in ROT has the position ORIENT, with respect to the
current frame of reference. For example, the object may have
a #$HorizontalOrientation,
#$VerticalOrientation,
#$RightSideUp
orientation, etc. See also #$toOrientation,
#$OrientationAttribute.
guid: bf0f8bfb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$BinaryRolePredicate
direct specialization of: #$from-Generic
#$toOrientation to orientation
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
This predicate indicates, for the particular
rotational motion ROT, the orientation that the
#$primaryObjectMoving in that event has after that motion.
(#$toOrientation
ROT ORIENT) means that when ROT ends, the object that moved
in ROT has the final position ORIENT, with respect to the
current frame of reference. Examples of orientations
include: #$HorizontalOrientation,
#$VerticalOrientation,
#$UpSideDown. See also #$fromOrientation,
#$OrientationAttribute.
guid: bfcf393f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$BinaryRolePredicate
direct specialization of: #$to-Generic
#$distanceTranslated distance translated
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
This predicate relates a translational movement
event to the total distance travelled by the #$objectMoving in
that event. (#$distanceTranslated
MOVE DIST) means that in the event MOVE, the #$objectMoving
covered the distance DIST. Note that DIST is the actual
distance travelled by the object, not merely its net change
in position; so if the #$motionPathway-Complete
of MOVE is a round trip a mile each way to the store, the #$distanceTranslated
would be 2 miles, not zero.
guid: bd5898d6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$IntervalBasedQuantitySlot
#$BinaryRolePredicate
#$movesInDirection-Average moves
in direction - average
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
(#$movesInDirection-Average
OBJ DIR) means that OBJ moves in the average direction DIR.
In other words DIR is the direction from the the location of
OBJ at the 'start' to the location of OBJ at the 'end'. The
times 'start' and 'end' are determined by either the
beginning and end of either argument one of a #$holdsIn expression
that the #$movesInDirection-Average
assertion is wrapped, or the beginning and ending times of
OBJ. This predicate is useful when you wish to make the
statement about the overall direction of a moving object in
spite of short term deviations in time or in space from this
overall direction. Consider such exemplar cases as a
temporally varying direction of a fluttering butterfly or
the spatially varying course of a winding river. However, if
you need to make inferences about the direction of motion of
a temporal or spatial slice of OBJ, consider using the
stronger #$movesInDirection-Throughout.
Related predicates include #$directionOfTranslation-Avg
and #$directionOfTranslation-Throughout
which relate a #$Movement-TranslationEvent
to a direction that all #$objectMovings
of that event move in. #$movesInDirection-Average
is to be preferred over #$directionOfTranslation-Avg
in situations where the computational cost of reifying a
movement event (see #$Movement-TranslationEvent)
is not warranted.
guid: be017b5f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$BinaryPredicate
#$movesInDirection-Throughout moves
in direction - throughout
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
(#$movesInDirection-Throughout
OBJ DIR) means that OBJ moves in the direction DIR
throughout all spatial and temporal slices of OBJ. Since
instances of #$Entity
rarely move in one direction throughout their entire
existence, assertions involving #$movesInDirection-Throughout
will usually be qualified with a #$holdsIn. This
predicate is useful for inheriting the direction of motion
of an object to its temporal or spatial parts. If such an
inference is too strong see #$movesInDirection-Average.
Negative exemplar cases of the relationship include a
winding river whose different spatial slices follow
different directions, or a deflating balloon whose different
temporal slices move in different directions. Positive
exemplar usages of #$movesInDirection-Throughout
could relate a specific point of the winding river to its
direction, or could relate the deflating balloon at
particular instant in time to its direction. Related
predicates include #$directionOfTranslation-Avg
and #$directionOfTranslation-Throughout
which relate a #$Movement-TranslationEvent
to a direction that all #$objectMovings
of that event move in. #$movesInDirection-Throughout
is to be preferred over #$directionOfTranslation-Throughout
in situations where the computational cost of reifying a
movement event (see #$Movement-TranslationEvent)
is not warranted.
guid: bfa39b1c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$BinaryPredicate
#$directionOfTranslation-Throughout direction
(binary predicate)
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
(#$directionOfTranslation-Throughout
MOVEMENT DIR) means that the #$objectMoving in
MOVEMENT moves in the direction DIR *throughout* MOVEMENT.
I.e. for every #$timeSlices of
MOVEMENT the direction of the #$objectMoving is
DIR. This is useful for talking about the 'instantaneous
direction' of a translation event. It is also useful for
talking about the direction of motion in a movement event in
which there is no curving. Note that the semantics of this
can get confusing when #$directionOfTranslation-Throughout
is inside #$holdsIn
expressions. For example, let's say a particle P, moves in a
great arcing motion event M which lasts for one hour. If we
pick two *instances*, I1 and I2 within that hour, the value
of DIR (if it is a precise vector) must be different. Thus,
in CycL the values of D1 and D2 would be different (#$holdsIn I1 (#$directionOfTranslation-Throughout
M D1)), (#$holdsIn
I2 (#$directionOfTranslation-Throughout
M D2)) because the instantaneous direction of travel would
be changing thoughout M. Furthermore, it would be impossible
to ascribe a precise vector value for DIR that would apply
to (#$holdsIn M (#$directionOfTranslation-Throughout
M D3)) or equivalently to (#$directionOfTranslation-Throughout
M D3) for the same reason, i.e. that the direction is
constantly changing throughout M.
guid: bd58ba7c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$BinaryPredicate
direct specialization of:
#$directionOfTranslation-Avg
#$directionOfTranslation-Avg direction
of translation - avg
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
Predicate used to specify the 'general' direction
of travel in a #$Movement-TranslationEvent.
The direction will be stated as a range specified with a
vector interval.
guid: c07c2ac0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$BinaryPredicate
Copyright© 1996-2002. All rights reserved. See Terms of Usage.